ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

INTRODUCTION
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE:

Active voice: In active sentences, the subject is active or the subject performs the actions.

For example: The cow (Subject) is eating (Verb) grass (Object). - Active Voice

Passive voice: In passive sentences, the subject is no longer active or the subject is acted upon by the verb

For example: Grass (Subject) is being eaten (Verb) by the cow (Object)

ACTIVE VOICE           PASSIVE VOICE 
He                                  him
She                                Her
They                                Them

 

ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE RULES



The Rules to Change the Sentences from Active to Passive Form:

1. The sentence must have objects (transitive verb). If there is no object then there must be

a question word who asks the object.

2. Object active sentences became the subject of passive sentences.

3. Subject or active sentences into passive sentences that preceded the object word "by".

4. The verb used is verb III (past participle) which preceded by to be.

5. The adjusted sentence structure by tenses.



ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE IN PRESENT TENSE


Tenses used in Active and Passive voice:

Simple Present: The simple present tense to make a generalization, to present a state of being, or to indicate a habitual or repeated action.

Active

Base form or "-s/-es" form

Eg: Professor Brown teaches at Hunter.

Passive

am/is/are + past participle

Eg: Sonia is taught by Professor Brown.

Present Progressive: The present progressive to describe an ongoing activity or a temporary action.

Active

am/is/are + -ing

Passive

am/is/are + being + -ed/- en

Eg: The students are learning Spanish.

Eg: Classes are being conducted inSpanish.

Present Perfect: The present perfect to describe

an action occurring in the past but relevant to the present, or extending to the present.

Active

Passive

has/have + been + - ed/-en

am/is/are + being + -ed/-en

Eg: Hunter has opened a language institute in East Harlem.

Eg: The language institute has been opened to relocate students off the main campus.

Present Perfect Progressive: The present perfect progressive to describe an ongoing action beginning before now and is still relevant to the present.

Active

Passive

has/have + been + -ing

Eg: Hunter has been awarding BA and MA diplomas for over one hundred years.

has/have + been + being + -ed/-en

Eg: E.S.L. courses have been offered since the beginning of Open Admissions

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE IN PAST TENSE



Past

Simple Past: The simple past to indicate a general or habitual action occurring in the past or at a specific time in the past.

Active

base + -ed or irregular form

Eg: Our family bought all our clothes at Sears when I was young

Passive

was/were + -ed/-en

Eg: The clothes were bought by my mother

Past Progressive: The past progressive to

indicate an ongoing action in the past or an action continuing through a specific past time.

Active

was/were + -ing

Eg: Mary and Paul were dating in those days.

Passive

was/were + being + -ed/-en

Eg: One afternoon, Mary was being kissed by Paul when her mother passed by.
Past Perfect: The past progressive to indicate an ongoing action in the past or an action continuing through a specific past time.

Active

Passive

had + -ed/-en

Eg: Mary's mother was shocked because she had forbidden her daughter to date.

had + been + -ed/- en

Eg: Mary had been kissed many times before that day

Past Perfect Progressive: The past perfect progressive to indicate a continuing action that began before a past action or time.

Active

Passive

had + been + -ing

Eg: Amutha had been trying to tell her mother about Paul for a long time.

had + been + being + - ed/-en

Eg: Amutha had been trying to tell her mother about Paul for a long time.

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE IN FUTURE TENSE

Future

Simple Future: The future to indicate an action that is expected to take place at a future time.

Active

am/is/are going to + base

Eg: Mary is going to the Temple.

Passive

am/is/are + going to be + - ed/-en

Eg: The gown is going to be adjusted to fit Mary.

Future Progressive: The future progressive to

indicate an action in future with emphasis on continuing action.

Active

will + base + -ing

Eg: Ram and Nithya Will be spending lots of time on the beach.

Passive

will + be + being + -ed/en

Not used in the passive voice.

Future Perfect: The future perfect to indicate a

future action expected to be completed before another future action or time.

Active

Passive

will + have + -ed/-en

will + have + been + -ed/en

Eg: By their wedding date, they will have saved enough money to buy a house.

Not used in the passive voice.

Future Perfect Progressive: The future perfect progressive to indicate an action projected to have been going on for a while before a time in the future.

Active

Passive

will + have + been + -ing

will + have + been + being + -ed/-en

Eg: When they celebrate their first anniversary, they will have been living together for a full year.

Not used in the passive voice.

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